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Breast Care (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2011Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a potentially fatal and chronically progressive infestation produced by the multivesicular metacestode of Echinococcus multilocularis,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a potentially fatal and chronically progressive infestation produced by the multivesicular metacestode of Echinococcus multilocularis, which most commonly affects the liver, lungs, and brain.
CASE REPORT
We present a case of AE in which an alveolar cyst, as a result of exophytic growth, adhered to intra-abdominal and pelvic organs and metastasized to the breast. Exploration showed that the exophytic cyst in the liver filled the entire abdominal cavity, reaching to the uterus and bladder, and was adherent to the neighboring tissues and organs. This cystic lesion was totally excised, as was the 7×6 cm cystic lesion in the right breast.
CONCLUSIONS
The liver is the most common site for echinococcal cysts of the pastoral strains (>65%), followed by the lungs (25%); the cyst is seen less frequently in the spleen, kidneys, heart, bone, and central nervous system. AE must be considered in areas where liver cysts are endemic and in the presence of a liver cyst, and the organs where a metastasis is possible must be thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, in these areas, when cystic disorders of the breast are present, AE should not be discounted among possible definitive diagnoses.
PubMed: 22135627
DOI: 10.1159/000331314 -
Tropical Parasitology Jul 2013Human cysticercosis, a parasitic infection caused by cysticercus cellulosae. This results from ova being swallowed or getting asses to human stomach by regurgitation...
Human cysticercosis, a parasitic infection caused by cysticercus cellulosae. This results from ova being swallowed or getting asses to human stomach by regurgitation from own adult worm. The larvae are liberated in stomach, penetrate the intestinal mucosa and carried to many parts of the body where they form cysterci, 0.5-1 cm cyst that contain the head of young worm. They do not grow further or migrate. The common sites are skeletal muscle, subcutaneous tissue, brain and eye. Breast is an uncommon site.
PubMed: 24471001
DOI: 10.4103/2229-5070.122146 -
American Family Physician Apr 2000The most common breast problems for which women consult a physician are breast pain, nipple discharge and a palpable mass. Most women with these complaints have benign... (Review)
Review
The most common breast problems for which women consult a physician are breast pain, nipple discharge and a palpable mass. Most women with these complaints have benign breast disease. Breast pain alone is rarely a presenting symptom of cancer, and imaging studies should be reserved for use in women who fall within usual screening guidelines. A nipple discharge can be characterized as physiologic or pathologic based on the findings of the history and physical examination. A pathologic discharge is an indication for terminal duct excision. A dominant breast mass requires histologic diagnosis. A breast cyst can be diagnosed and treated by aspiration. The management of a solid mass depends on the degree of clinical suspicion and the patient's age.
Topics: Algorithms; Biopsy; Breast Diseases; Decision Trees; Family Practice; Female; Humans; Mass Screening; Mastectomy, Segmental; Medical History Taking; Pain; Physical Examination
PubMed: 10794579
DOI: No ID Found -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Jul 1992To study the occurrence of breast cancer in women with breast cysts. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To study the occurrence of breast cancer in women with breast cysts.
DESIGN
Prospective follow-up study.
SETTING
Office surgical practice.
PATIENTS
All 742 women referred to the practice with breast cysts diagnosed by means of aspiration or, occasionally, biopsy between 1969 and 1985.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The incidence of breast cancer and the number of years between diagnosis of breast cyst and diagnosis of cancer. The observed number of cases of breast cancer was compared with the expected number, calculated from Ontario rates of breast cancer.
RESULTS
Fifteen of the women died but did not have breast cancer. No follow-up information was available for five women. Another 38 were lost to follow-up; they did not have breast cancer at the last contact, after 2 to 17 years of follow-up. These patients were withdrawn from the study in the year in which they died or were last observed. By 1990, 34 (5%) of the women had breast cancer. The overall ratio of observed:expected cases of cancer was 3.04 (95% confidence interval 2.09 to 4.28). Breast cancer developed after 7.5 years, but the average length of follow-up was only 10.1 years. Only 3.8% of 374 women after 10 years and 5.4% of 141 women after 15 years had breast cancer.
CONCLUSION
Women who have a gross breast cyst are at moderately increased risk of breast cancer, which usually develops only after many years.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Fibrocystic Breast Disease; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Middle Aged; Ontario; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 1393887
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Jun 2022Lymphangioma is a rare diagnosis in adult patients and typically presents in early infancy. These tumors are a result of malformation of the lymphatic vessels and...
BACKGROUND
Lymphangioma is a rare diagnosis in adult patients and typically presents in early infancy. These tumors are a result of malformation of the lymphatic vessels and usually involve the head, neck, and axilla.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report the case of a 28-year-old African female who recently immigrated from East Africa and presented to our surgical breast clinic with a large and rapidly growing left axillary mass. Initial history and evaluation were concerning for hydatid cyst; however, on surgical excision, gross appearance was consistent with cystic lymphangioma. Diagnosis was confirmed on pathology review.
CONCLUSIONS
Although lymphangiomas are typically found in young children, adults may develop these tumors in response to unknown triggers. Surgical excision is the preferred treatment.
Topics: Adult; Axilla; Child; Child, Preschool; Echinococcosis; Female; Humans; Lymphangioma; Lymphangioma, Cystic; Neck
PubMed: 35717390
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03461-0 -
Breast Cancer Research : BCR Oct 2017Dysregulated DNA repair and cell proliferation controls are essential driving forces in mammary tumorigenesis. BCCIP was originally identified as a BRCA2 and CDKN1A...
BACKGROUND
Dysregulated DNA repair and cell proliferation controls are essential driving forces in mammary tumorigenesis. BCCIP was originally identified as a BRCA2 and CDKN1A interacting protein that has been implicated in maintenance of genomic stability, cell cycle regulation, and microtubule dynamics. The aims of this study were to determine whether BCCIP deficiency contributes to mammary tumorigenesis, especially for a subset of breast cancers with 53BP1 abnormality, and to reveal the mechanistic implications of BCCIP in breast cancer interventions.
METHODS
We analyzed the BCCIP protein level in 470 cases of human breast cancer to determine the associations between BCCIP and 53BP1, p53, and subtypes of breast cancer. We further constructed a unique BCCIP knockdown mouse model to determine whether a partial BCCIP deficiency leads to spontaneous breast cancer formation.
RESULTS
We found that the BCCIP protein level is downregulated in 49% of triple-negative breast cancer and 25% of nontriple-negative breast cancer. The downregulation of BCCIP is mutually exclusive with p53 mutations but concurrent with 53BP1 loss in triple-negative breast cancer. In a K14-Cre-mediated conditional BCCIP knockdown mouse model, we found that BCCIP downregulation causes a formation of benign modules in the mammary glands, resembling the epidermal inclusion cyst of the breast. However, the majority of these benign lesions remain indolent, and only ~ 10% of them evolve into malignant tumors after a long latency. This tumor progression is associated with a loss of 53BP1 and p16 expression. BCCIP knockdown did not alter the latency of mammary tumor formation induced by conditional Trp53 deletion.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest a confounding role of BCCIP deficiency in modulating breast cancer development by enhancing tumor initiation but hindering progression. Furthermore, secondary genetic alternations may overcome the progression suppression imposed by BCCIP deficiency through a synthetic viability mechanism.
Topics: Animals; BRCA2 Protein; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Carcinogenesis; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Humans; Mammary Glands, Human; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal; Mice; Nuclear Proteins; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1
PubMed: 29047390
DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0907-5 -
Anesthetic and surgical considerations of giant pericardial cyst: Case report and literature review.Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Jul 2020Pericardial cysts are considered as a rare congenital abnormality, mostly found incidentally. The estimated incidence of pericardial cyst is 1:100,000 and represent...
INTRODUCTION
Pericardial cysts are considered as a rare congenital abnormality, mostly found incidentally. The estimated incidence of pericardial cyst is 1:100,000 and represent approximately 6% of all mediastinal masses. Patients can present with symptoms similar to acute chest pain or right-sided heart failure or can be asymptomatic.
PRESENTATION
A 46-year-old female who is known to have hypertension and hypothyroidism presented to the breast clinic with left breast mass that was proved by core needle biopsy as proliferative breast lesion. During the preoperative assessment, the patient reported progressive shortness of breath and cough over the last two years and bilateral lower limb edema. Her preoperative chest X-ray showed a well-defined oval like opacification at the right cardiophrenic angle that was proved by chest computed tomography imaging as a cystic mass od most likely a pericardial origin. A huge pericardial cyst originating from the right diaphragmatic surface was excised through a mini-sternotomy incision with smooth postoperative recovery. The patient-reported significant improvement in her symptoms and her lifestyle during her follow up.
DISCUSSION
Pericardial cysts represent 6%-7% of all mediastinal masses with an estimated incidence of 1:100,000. About 70% of pericardial cysts originate at the right cardiophrenic angle and less frequently at the left cardiophrenic angle, they are usually suspected when the chest x-ray shows an enlarged contour of the right heart border. Mediastinal cysts have many differential diagnoses and the preoperative decision might be challenging in many cases. Pericardial cysts appear as oval, thin-walled homogeneous masses on cardiac computed tomography. The choice between surgical intervention and conservative follow up is related mainly to the size and symptoms that are induced by the cyst.
CONCLUSION
As pericardial cysts are rarely diagnosed pathology, a high index of suspicion is essential for diagnosis. Surgical resection is indicated when they are huge, enlarging in size or symptomatic. Morbidity and mortality risks following pericardial cyst excision are very low.
PubMed: 32547739
DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.05.038 -
Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea) Apr 2020Groin lesions can be classified as neoplastic or non-neoplastic. Neoplastic lesions include lipoma, epidermoid cyst, angiomyofibroblastoma-like tumor, liposarcoma, and...
Groin lesions can be classified as neoplastic or non-neoplastic. Neoplastic lesions include lipoma, epidermoid cyst, angiomyofibroblastoma-like tumor, liposarcoma, and synovial sarcoma, as well as metastases from lymphoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and carcinomas of the lung, breast, urinary bladder, ovary, vulva, and colon. Non-neoplastic lesions include hernias, round ligament varices, endometriosis, Kimura disease, Castleman disease, hematoma, and inflammation. Because the clinical implications and therapeutic strategies for groin lesions vary depending on the cause, the ability to noninvasively differentiate among etiologies is very important. Although there is substantial overlap in ultrasonographic findings across various groin lesions, some ultrasonographic features, along with clinical characteristics, may suggest a specific diagnosis. Familiarity with the ultrasonographic and clinical features of various groin lesions facilitates accurate diagnosis and treatment.
PubMed: 31786905
DOI: 10.14366/usg.19041 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Dec 2020BACKGROUND Breast trauma can always have diagnostic pitfalls. In the presence of a recurrent hemorrhagic cysts, cancer should always be suspected. CASE REPORT A...
BACKGROUND Breast trauma can always have diagnostic pitfalls. In the presence of a recurrent hemorrhagic cysts, cancer should always be suspected. CASE REPORT A 59-year-old woman noted a palpable mass after breast trauma from falling at home. Radiological exams showed a breast cyst with well-defined margins, with corpuscular and dense fluid components. First, a conservative approach was implemented. One week later, a fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the mass showed bloody fluid without atypical cells. Three weeks later, the patient was emergently evaluated due to increased size of the lesion and anemia. To avoid further blood loss and due to suspected malignancy, an urgent surgical excision biopsy was planned. Histopathology revealed a poorly-differentiated carcinoma and the patient was treated with left modified radical mastectomy with axillary dissection. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered. At 6-month follow-up, the patient was free from recurrences. CONCLUSIONS Recurrent hemorrhagic cysts should always be investigated and considered as a possible cancer lesion. Sonography and cytological exam are the first steps in case of suspicious cysts, but false-negative results are common. In such cases, resection of the cyst should be considered. Immediate resection is valid in cases of diagnostic uncertainty or inability to assess the cyst with imaging or biopsy.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Cysts; Female; Humans; Mastectomy; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
PubMed: 33311426
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.925014